Shaelic | |
Pronunciation: | TBA |
Spoken In: | Shaelia, Lyson Empire, Greater Zartanian Empire |
Speakers: | First Language: 19 million Second Language: 3-4 million |
Family: | Shalaise |
Official Status | |
Official: | Shaelia |
Regulated by: | No official regulation |
Sample Wordlist | |
One: Dei | People: Natabae |
Two: Sa | Big: Niz |
Three: Zue | Little: Nizien |
River: Sae | Love (v.): Rasat |
Town: Hea | Eat (v.): Belat |
Shaelic, known as Férocaes by the native speakers, is the official and ancestral language of the Shaelic peoples of northern Eras. It is primarily spoken in the Shaelia. It is also spoken in other 0000 nations, such as the Lyson Empire and the Greater Zartanian Empire.
Phonetics[]
Consonants[]
ɡ | G, g | grave, game | voiced velar plosive |
d | D, d | dog | voiced alveolar plosive |
b | B, b | butcher, bed | voiced bilabial plosive |
00 | Þ, þ | butcher + y sound to next vowel | |
ʧ | C, c | church | voiceless postalveolar affricate |
ʝ | J, j | jerk | voiced palatal fricative |
p | P, p | push, put | voiceless bilabial plosive |
k | K, k | kill, cut | voiceless velar plosive |
f | F, f | farm | voiceless labiodental fricative |
l | L, l | lake | alveolar lateral approximant |
kʷ | Q, q | queen, quit | labial-velar stop |
m | M, m | mother | bilabial nasal |
n | N, n | never | alveolar nasal |
ɹ | R, r | real, revolution | alveolar approximant |
s | S, s | slice, song | voiceless alveolar fricative |
z | Z, z | zebra | voiced alveolar fricative |
ʃ | Š, š | show, shop | voiceless postalveolar fricative |
Ʒ | Ž, ž | pleasure, vision | voiced postalveolar fricative |
ð | Ð, ð | this, the | voiced dental fricative |
t | T, t | tin, tea | voiceless alveolar plosive |
v | V, v | valor | voiced labiodental fricative |
h | H, h | heart, head | voiceless glottal fricative |
w | W, w | west | labial-velar approximant |
j | Y, y | yes | palatal approximant |
ks | X, x | mix, fix | voiceless velar stop + voiceless alveolar fricative |
Vowels[]
eI | E, e | bay, okay | |
ɑ | A, a | father | open back unrounded vowel |
æ | Æ, æ | trap, bath | near-open front unrounded vowel |
i | I, i | elope, be | close front unrounded vowel |
o | O, o | open | close-mid back rounded vowel |
u | U, u | loose | close back rounded vowel |
ɛ | é | every, met | open-mid front unrounded vowel |
ɪ | í | fit | near-close near-front unrounded vowel |
ɐ | ú | under | near-open central vowel |
Diphthongs[]
Coming Soon
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
Gender[]
There are three genders
- Masculine — indicated by word-final /a/, /e/ and sometimes /æ/
- Feminine — indicated by word-final /i/
- Neuter — indicated by word final /u/ or /o/; /o/ endings are irregular, but treated as /u/
GENDER EXAMPLES | |||
Word | Shaelic | Gender | |
---|---|---|---|
Man | Nata | –a (mas.) | |
Woman | Nati | –i (fem.) | |
Table | Fobu | –u (neuter) | |
Idiot, Moron | Stolo | –o (neuter) | |
Boot | Vete | –e (mas.) | |
Sandal | Veti | –i (fem.) | |
Shoe (generic) | Vetu | –u (neuter) |
Note: The Shaelic neuter gender, indicated by /o/ and /u/, evolved with the regular loss of word-final /n/ from its mother language, Deçeān.
Number[]
There are three number indicators
- Singular — no change
- Definite — add –m (Used when quantity is known or declared)
DEFINITE NUMBER EXAMPLES | |||
Quantity | Shaelic | ||
---|---|---|---|
Two Men | Sa Natam | ||
Two Women | Sa Natim | ||
Two Tables | Sa Fobum | ||
Four Boots | Lei Vetem | ||
Four Sandals | Lei Vetim | ||
Four Shoes | Lei Vetum |
- Indefinite — add –s (Used when quantity is unknown or undetermined)
INDEFINITE NUMBER EXAMPLES | |||
General Quantity | Shaelic | ||
---|---|---|---|
Men | Natas | ||
Women | Natis | ||
Tables | Fobus | ||
Boots | Vetes | ||
Sandals | Vetis | ||
Shoes (generic) | Vetus |
Case[]
All nouns reside in the nominative case and are not declined when acting as subjects.
- Accusative — “(something done) to the object”
- Genitive — simple possession
- Dative — “to the (object)”, “for the (object)”
- Ablative — source of an action or a movement: “from the (object)”, “from a (object)”
- Instrumental — how something is done or carried out; “by (object)” or “with (object)”
- Locative — “at (object)”; “in (object)” or “on (object)”
- Associative — “for the (object)”; “for a (object)”
- Illative — “into the (object); “into a (object)”; “onto the (object)”; “onto a (object)”
Shaelic noun declensions are ordered and highly standardized.
SINGULAR DECLENSIONS | |||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Dative | –ða | –ði | –ðu |
Accusative | –na | –ni | –nu |
Genitive | –ta | –ti | –tu |
Ablative | –ma | –mi | –mu |
Locative | –pa | –pi | –pu |
Instrumental | –ga | –gi | –gu |
Associative | –ra | –ri | –ru |
Illative | –da | –di | –du |
PLURAL DECLENSIONS | |||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Dative | –ðas/–m | –ðis/–m | –ðus/–m |
Accusative | –nas/–m | –nis/–m | –nus/–m |
Genitive | –tas/–m | –tis/–m | –tus/–m |
Ablative | –mas/–m | –mis/–m | –mus/–m |
Locative | –pas/–m | –pis/–m | –pus/–m |
Instrumental | –gas/–m | –gis/–m | –gus/–m |
Associative | –ras/–m | –ris/–m | –rus/–m |
Illative | –das/–m | –dis/–m | –dus/–m |
Pronouns[]
Coming Soon
Articles[]
Definite Article[]
The definite article must agree with its subject in both gender and number, but not case. Note that definite articles make no distinction between definite and indefinite plural and that there is no specified plural.
DEFINITE ARTICLE | |||
Quantity | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Ma | Mi | Mu |
Plural | Mas | Mis | Mus |
DEFINITE ARTICLE EXAMPLES | |
Example | Shaelic |
---|---|
The man | Ma nata |
The woman | Mi nati |
The table | Mu fobu |
The men | Mas natas |
The women | Mis natis |
The tables | Mus fobus |
The four Men | Mas lei natam |
The four women | Mis lei natim |
The four tables | Mus lei fobum |
Indefinite Article[]
Indefinite articles must agree with their subjects in both gender and number, but not case. Note that there is no specified plural.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE | |||
Quantity | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Da | Di | Du |
Plural | Das | Dis | Dus |
INDEFINITE ARTICLE EXAMPLES | |
Example | Shaelic |
---|---|
A man | Da Nata |
A woman | Di Nati |
A table | Du Fobu |
Few/Some men | Das Natas |
Few women | Dis Natis |
Some tables | Dus Fobus |
Demonstratives[]
This, That, These, Those
The demonstrative indicator, unlike definite and indefinite articles, is used regardless of noun case or gender, and are not declined. There are two types: specified and restricted. Specified demonstratives best approximate to this (in the singular) and these (in the plural); restricted demonstratives best approximate to that (in the singular) and those (in the plural).
DEMONSTRATIVES | ||
Type | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Specified | Gan | Gas |
Restricted | Bél | Bés |
Using Demonstratives[]
Definite articles are used only with the nominative; they are implied in all other cases. Indefinite articles are used with all noun cases to make clearer or more specific distinctions.
DEMONSTRATIVE EXAMPLES | |
Example | Shaelic |
---|---|
With these men | Gan nataga |
That woman’s garden | Bél natiti setrosi |
For this man | Gan natara |
From those women | Bés natimi |
Those men | Bés natas |
Those women | Bés natis |
Those tables | Bés fobus |
This sword | Gan Kira |
This sword’s blade | Gan kirata kire |
I know those men | Bés natanas ta mage. |
I know these women | Bés natinis ta mage. |
Nominative Rule[]
In some phrases, statements, or expressions which article to use may not be readily apparent, for example:
- Treaty of Asper – Culomi Aspúrara
The above phrase has both masculine and feminine elements. Culomi (treaty) is feminine, and Aspúrara (of Asper) is the associative case for the noun Asper with masculine declension. Is Mi or Ma used? In these cases, articles simply follow their nominative’s gender.
The Nominative Rule states that in all instances where article gender is unclear, they will always take the gender of undeclined nouns (nouns in the nominative).
- The Treaty of Asper – Mi Culomi Aspúrara not Ma Culomi Aspúrara
Verbs[]
Coming Soon
Adjectives[]
Coming Soon
Conjunctions[]
Coming Soon
Prepositions[]
Coming Soon
The Elucidative[]
Coming Soon
Sub-Clauses[]
Coming Soon
Vocabulary[]
Numerials[]
Numeration is an Octal (base-8) system. This means that numbers run in 8-digit series (0-7, 10-17, 20-27, etc.), and not 10-digit series (0-9, 10-19, etc.). The system originally developed due to the strong cultural aversion Shaels have to the thumb, thus only the four fingers of each hand were reckoned, giving a total of eight digits.
IMPORTANT DISTINCTION: Unless otherwise noted, all numbers appearing in this section are listed in Shaelic values, not decimal values, ex: 144 is not the base-10 value 12*12, but the Shaelic numerial 144.
Cardinal Numbers[]
Below is a list of the common cardinal numbers 0-7.
CARDINAL NUMBERS (0-7) | |
Number | Shaelic |
---|---|
0 | Su |
1 | Dei |
2 | Sa |
3 | Zue |
4 | Lei |
5 | Doe |
6 | Ðu |
7 | Hi |
NUMBER TABLES | ||||||||
# | Digit | x8(1) | x64(2) | x512(3) | x4,096(4) | x32,768(5) | x262,144(6) | x2,097,152(7) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Su | Su | Su | Su | Su | Su | Su | Su |
1 | Dei | Liu | Age | Pau | Trae | Oed | Pio | Greme |
2 | Sa | Liusa | Agesa | Pausa | Traesa | Oedsa | Piosa | Gremesa |
3 | Zue | Liuzue | Agezue | Pauzue | Traezue | Oedzue | Piozue | Gremezue |
4 | Lei | Agekla | Paukla | Traekla | Oedkla | Piokla | Gremekla | Iðekla |
5 | Doe | Liudoe | Agedoe | Paudoe | Traedoe | *Oedoe | Piodoe | Gremedoe |
6 | Ðu | Liuðu | Ageðu | Pauðu | Traeðu | Oedðu | Pioðu | Gremeðu |
7 | Hi | Liuhi | Agehi | Pauhi | Traehi | Oedhi | Piohi | Gremehi |
* take note of the special spelling and pronunciation [oi:doi]
Writing the Numbers
Each column on the table above is simply a placeholder (much like 246 represents the 100s, 10s, and 1s places in a base-10 system). Numbers can be written simply by finding the desired number in the column and writing it down, highest number first.
Two things important to remember:
- The number written will be a octal number and not a decimal number; and,
- Any number drawn from the table cannot have a place value above seven, i.e. writing the number 999 is not possible from the table above (it can, however, be converted from a decimal number into a octal number).
NUMBER EXAMPLES | |
Shaelic Number | Decimal Number |
---|---|
liuðu:sa | 62 |
pauzue:su:liu:dei | 3,011 |
age:liusa:zue | 123 |
trae:pauhi:paukla:liuðu:zue | 17,563 |
agedoe:liuhi:lei | 574 |
oed:oedkla:pauðu:agehi:liusa:su | 146,720 |
Ordinal Numbers[]
Ordinal numbers are created by affixing the suffix –za directly to the number being ordinalized. Below is a list of the numbers 1-7 as ordinals. Su (zero) has no ordinal value. All other ordinal numbers are created in the same manner.
ORDINAL NUMBERS | |
Number | Ordinal |
---|---|
1 | Deiza |
2 | Saza |
3 | Zueza |
4 | Leiza |
5 | Doeza |
6 | Ðuza |
7 | Hiza |
When working with higher numbers, the ordinalizer is affixed to the end of the lowest number.
- maeoza — ‘12th’
- liusa:deiza — ‘21st’
- liuhi:zueza — ‘73rd’
- age:liusa:deiza — ‘121st’
Ordinal numbers appear before the nouns they modify:
- Maeoza losa Qiolisara — ‘12th day of Spring’
- Leiza losana Kædiunara tiulosa æne — ‘Today is the fourth day of Fall’
Derivational Morphology[]
Coming Soon
Naming Conventions[]
- See also: Shaelic Names
Given Names[]
Known as the Deizafoa. Given names are mostly derived from words of the language, cultural heroes, and religious icons.
Patronymic[]
Known as the Besafoa. The patronymic is simply the father’s first name plus one of following four affixes:
PATRONYMIC AFFIXES | |
Affix | Approx. Meaning |
---|---|
–avasa | "Son of", "the Male Child of" |
–ivisi | "Daughter of", "the Female Child of" |
–ovosa | "Bastard Son of", "the Male Bastard Child of" |
–ovosi | "Bastard Daughter of", "the Female Bastard Child of" |
Any son or daughter born out of marriage is considered Vosu (≈ “a bastard”). This also includes children brought into a marriage by the new wife, either from previous marriages or relationships. Note that identification as vosu is not necessarily considered demeaning in Shaelic culture.
Surnames[]
Known as the Foatiu. The surname is comprised the Hunoada Jabomu (descendancy indicator) Pada (male) or Pidi (female), plus the family name. When a child marries, the hunoada jabomu changes, depending on the comparative ages of the couple. If the female is younger, she takes the new indicator Pisi and her husband’s surname, indicating she has married into her husband’s family. Conversely, if the male happens to be younger, he takes the new indicator Pasa and his wife’s surname, indicating he has married into his wife’s family.
DESCENDANCY INDICATORS | |
Indicator | Approx. Meaning |
---|---|
Pada | Male child of |
Pidi | Female child of |
`Pasa | Male (married younger) |
Pisi | Female (married younger) |
Name Formats[]
There are three typical formats for names in the language: Long Formal, Short Formal, Common Formal, and Common.
Long Formal Name
Known as the Paezada Aerfoa. The long formal format is simply the four parts of the naming structure:
Given Name + Patronymic + Descendancy Indicator + Surname
The long formal name format will be the format used in official and government documents and other formal documentation.
LONG FORMAL NAMING FORMAT EXAMPLES | |
Shaelic Name | Meaning |
---|---|
Garrétt Dalíðavasa Pada Kohnn | Garrétt son of Dalíth of the family Kohnn |
Tuensae Daliðivisi Pidi Kohnn | Tuensae daughter of Dalíth of the family Kohnn |
Famosar Dišumovosa Pada Galonin | Famosar bastard of Dishum of the family Galonin |
Ošuyani Telhamovosi Pisi Fraemac | Oshuyani bastard daughter of Telham married into the family Fraemac |
Short Formal Name
Known as the Paezienada Aerfoa. A short way to still address an individual formally is to use the person’s given name and Patronymic. This is the preferred way for employers to address their employees, for example.
SHORT FORMAL NAMING FORMAT EXAMPLES | |
Shaelic Name | Meaning |
---|---|
Garrétt Dalíðavasa | Garrétt, son of Dalíth |
Tuensae Dalíðivisi | Tuensae, daughter of Dalíth |
Famosar Dišumovosa | Famosar, bastard of Dishum |
Ošuyani Telhamovosi | Ošuyani bastard daughter of Telham |
Common Informal Name
Known as the Aerienfoa. The common formal name is the common way of referring to someone in a more informal setting is to use the individual’s given name and surname.
- Garrett Kolnn (m.)
- Tuensae Gravost (f.)
- Loeko Þonopesof (m.)
- Staed Traciji (m.)
- Kovisa Ayesse (m.)
- Masaroð Maspúrdar (m.)
- Diusui Trél (f.)
- Hiukli Tauféu (f.)
- Klétil Aecohea (f.)
- Cinirsi Súrivisi (f.)
Lexicon[]
Coming Soon